Ruby on Rails is one more open source web application framework extensively used recently in web application development. It become more popular due to its philosophy called “don’t repeat yourself”.

Ruby on Rails also refer as “RoR” in colloquial language originally extracted by David Heinemeier from his work on Basecamp, a best viable project management tool and easily miscible web application. By adopting Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture pattern RoR shows its compatibility with contemporary web frameworks.

Rapid Development and Prototypes

Rails provide scaffolding which can automatically constructs some of the models and views needed for basic website. Ruby on Rails relies on web server to run it.

Structured Code and Neat Markup

MVC (model-view-controller) splits the business logic into a “Model” layer and the view logic into a “View” layer. The “Controller” interacts with the Model and passes the required data onto the View. A full HTTP request cycle can be simplified into the following steps:

Interchangeable Databases

ROR is database independent, meaning you can simply make a few configuration changes can use Microsoft SQL or Oracle or SQLite.

Further to this, Rails implements a design pattern called ActiveRecord to achieve Object Relational mapping (ORM). Here classes in your code can map directly to tables in your database. You can even define relationships between those objects in your classes.

ORM makes it simple to query the database without using database dependent SQL query strings, contributing to database agnosticism.

Database Schema Control

When working in a team of more than five, it can become hard to keep track of what changes are being made to the database. Rails solves this problem with Migrations. When changes are made, your fellow developers can run a simple command and they will be on the latest version of the database. Migrations are basically version control for your database schema.

A significant contribution from Rails is its extensive use of JavaScript libraries, Prototype and Script.aculo.us for Ajax. RESTful web services added one more feature and are both HTML and XML as output formats. Some other features are as follows:

• Array and Enumerable methods: (in the Pickaxe book or here). Arrays include the methods of Enumerable, so both are worth knowing. Since ActiveRecord returns arrays for multiple record searches, it is good to know more than for and each to work with the models.
• Ruby modules: It's beautiful to have something other than inheritance to share behavior between classes.
• Method parameters: Default parameters, hashes as parameters, variable length argument lists, using a code block as a parameter, using a code block at the end of the method call.
• Has capacity to dynamically adding methods to classes and objects.
• The most notable feature of the new version 2.2 is its internationalization frame work, thread safety, easy access to HTTP catching and compatibility with version 1.9, JRuby and new documentations.

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